πάντα τὰ ἔθνη,
SYNTAX:
This is a phrase with an adjective (panta) in the ‘predicate’ position, as opposed to the attributive position.[1]
Adjective- Basic Function:
The adjective (panta) distinguishes or qualifies a noun (ta ethna).
Nature of Predicate Position of an Adjective
This predicate construction emphasizes the “ALL” fact about the nations ‘being (are)’ ALL the nations. This is not just all the nations, but ALL the nations. This is not an incidental description of the extent of nations in view here. It is the “main point” of the phrase. Jesus wants His followers to understand He is stressing that ALL the nations are included in this directive.
Implication:
This would seem to eliminate the idea that ta ethna (the Gentiles) only applies to the Gentiles or heathen as opposed to the Jews. Jesus seems to be clearly including the Jews in this statement, but including them as one among many Gentile nations (now that they have rejected their Messiah and all He came to do for them). The construction He uses seems to emphasize this fact.
Meaning:
We would, then, translate this phrase as: “disciple ALL the nations (yes, I mean ALL…including the Jews).”
Translation:
Jesus speaking: Given that all authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth, therefore (now, by all means - emphatically) ‘as you are going…’ (or ‘while on your way through life…’ or ‘as you are proceeding in your chosen manner through life …’), I (as superior to a subordinate laying aside my authority to command you) appeal to you (and particularly your will), it’s imperative that you actively disciple < ● > (train, acquire habits, disciple oneself) (How far or how many?) all the nations, (yes, I mean ALL the nations … and you can include the Jews in there as well) …
[1] For a discussion on Attributive and Predicate positions, see Machen p. 36 ff & Dana & Mantey p151ff.
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