Chapter 2:12 KAI - And

2.12 Kai Conjunction

καὶ

Classification of καί.

There are five generally accepted categories for classifying καί:[1]

1. Transitional or Continuative. And

2. As an Adjective. Also

3. As Ascensive. Even

4. Adversative. And yet; however; but

5. Emphatic. Indeed; verily; really; in fact; yea; certainly; etc.

Dana & Mantey have categorized καί. as shown in Table 2. The Conjunction καί. with Some of the Meanings Indicated.

Table 2. The Conjunction καί. with Some of the Meanings Indicated.

	Temporal	Causal	Purpose	Result	Inferential	Conditional	Continuative	Adversative	Explanatory	Emphatic
καί.							and	but		even

καί…. καί.

καὶ …… καὶ

This has a special correlative use, meaning both … and. [2]

Question:

Q1. Which case to use?

A1. Clearly there is no indication of an adversative need in the context, so the adversative can be eliminated. Further, the Ascensive would not make sense, and we eliminate it as well. An attempt to use the emphatic will quickly show it is not suitable for the context. Use of the Transitional-and or the Adverbial-also we feel would be completely acceptable. The special correlative καί…. καί = both … and, would also be completely acceptable, and we will choose this case, but not be dogmatic about this case.

Translation:

Jesus speaking: Given that all authority has been given to me in heaven and on earth, therefore (now, by all means - emphatically) as you are going < ● > (or ‘while on your way through life…’ or ‘as you are proceeding in your chosen manner through life …’), I (as superior to a subordinate laying aside my authority to command you) appeal to you (and particularly to your will), it’s imperative that you actively disciple < ● > (train, acquire habits, disciple oneself) (How far or how many?) all the nations, (yes, I mean ALL the nations … and you can include the Jews in there as well) (and here’s the first step ) you-pl males among you-pl actively baptizing continuously < ---- > focusing on the males among them (i.e., the gender neutral nations) (starting with them outside the Name and) with direction towards the Name (and it’s not just any name they are being moved into…it’s THE Specific Particular Name) and ending up with them “inside” that particular specific single Name…(i.e., not Moses, not John, etc.) THE Specific Particular Name that BOTH the Father as a person possesses (and this person in contrast with what follows) AND …

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[1] Dana & Mantey p. 249ff. The first three are commonly accepted. D&M add two more, the adversative and the emphatic.

[2] Machen p. 71.